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The bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code is the DNA code used by bacteria, archaea, prokaryotic viruses and chloroplast proteins. ==The code== : AAs = FFLLSSSSYY: Starts = ---M---------------M------------MMMM---------------M------------: Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG: Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG: Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGBases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U). Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V) As in the standard code, initiation is most efficient at AUG. In addition, GUG and UUG starts are documented in archaea and bacteria (Kozak 1983, Fotheringham ''et al.'' 1986, Golderer ''et al.'' 1995, Nolling ''et al.'' 1995, Sazuka & Ohara 1996, Genser ''et al.'' 1998, Wang ''et al.'' 2003). In ''Escherichia coli'', UUG is estimated to serve as initiator for about 3% of the bacterium's proteins (Blattner ''et al.'' 1997). CUG is known to function as an initiator for one plasmid-encoded protein (RepA) in ''E. coli'' (Spiers and Bergquist, 1992). In addition to the NUG initiations, in rare cases bacteria can initiate translation from an AUU codon as e.g. in the case of poly(A) polymerase PcnB and the InfC gene that codes for translation initiation factor IF3 (Polard ''et al.'' 1991, Liveris ''et al.'' 1993, Sazuka & Ohara 1996, Binns & Masters 2002). The internal assignments are the same as in the standard code though UGA codes at low efficiency for tryptophan in ''Bacillus subtilis'' and, presumably, in ''Escherichia coli'' (Hatfiled and Diamond, 1993). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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